Poetic Sound And Types of Rhymes
POWER MEDAL POETIC PIECE
FOR LITERATURE STUDENTS
IT CONSIST OF POEMS, LITERARY TERMS, FIGURES OF SPEECH AND POEMS APPRECIATION
BY: JOYCELINE NATALLY CUDJOE
POETIC SOUND
This is the rhyme effect, imagery and figurative language that add poetic sound, spice, and ingredient to make a significant effect and contribute a poetic feeling and a sense to a literary work in verse or poem.
RHYME
Literary rhyme is the sameness or repeated pattern of sound at the end of the lines of a poem.
RHYME SCHEME
Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme. The traditional way to mark these patterns of rhyme is to assign a letter of the alphabet to each rhyming sound at the end of each line. For instance, here is the first stanza of James Shirley’s poem “Of Death,” from 1659. I have marked each line from the first stanza with an alphabetical letter at the end of each line to indicate rhyme:
The glories of our blood and state———A
Are shadows, not substantial things; ——B
There is no armor against fate; ————A
Death lays his icy hand on kings: ……….B
Scepter and crown —————————-C
Must tumble down —————————-C
And in the dust be equal made —————C
With the poor crooked scythe and spade—–D
Thus, the rhyme scheme for each stanza in the poem above is ABABCCDD. It is conventional in most poetic genres that every stanza follows the same rhyme scheme, though it is possible to have interlocking rhyme scheme such asterza rima. It is also common for poets to deliberately vary their rhyme scheme for artistic purposes, such as Philip Larkin’s “Toads,” in which the poetic speaker complains about his desire to stop working so hard, and his rhymes degenerate into half-rhymes or slant rhymes as an indication that he doesn’t want to go to the effort of perfection. Among the most common rhyme schemes in English, we find heroic couplets(AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, FF, etc.) and quatrains(ABAB, CDCD, etc.), but the possible permutations are theoretically infinite.
TYPES OF RHYME
CLICHÉ RHYME
It’s a type of rhyme that is considered trite or predictable. Example is a poem by the author
THE FAIRY’S SONG
Over the hills
The fairy lad does sing
Ding-ding, ding-ding
The sweetest joy my heart does embrace
Inside the canvass my hand will lace
O! The powerful love my soul do grace
How astonishing will I swift my wing
Slightly, swiftly, deep-deep my mouth shall sing
The beauty of your love my heart will linger like a fire flame
On your roof top I will exhaust your window frame
My heart could only delight in the fairy cloud of your heart
O! I will chirp like a bird in your heart
This love sings I with my mouth
That I shall gladly entangle this love before the end of the month
DOUBLE RHYME
This is a kind of rhyme that does not involve one syllable but involves two syllables. In English literature most double rhyme creates a feminine ending. For example, rhyming pend and send is a single rhyme and each word consist a single syllable but rhyming pending and sending is a double rhyme and it consist two rhymed syllables that creates a feminine ending. See feminine rhyme.
END RHYME
It is a type of rhyme in which the words in the end verse are the one that rhymes. Most poets use this kind of rhyme in their poems. Example is a poem by the author.
IF MY SOUL IS LIKE A STAR
If my soul is like a star
My broken heart will never have a scar
My eyes will be twinkled with no thrust
Not a rust, not a dust
Will be sprinkled on my soul
My spirit will be nothing like the sun-sole
My body will forever remain a goddess
No hurt, no stress
My world will be endless
EXACT RHYME
Is the rhyming of two close words or a rhyming in which the consonant sounds and vowel sounds match. It is also termed as PERFECT RHYME or TRUE RHYME. Example is a poem by the author.
MY LOVE POTION
As I was hovering around the ocean
There I beheld my first love in a motion
I could count his heart, love and notion
When he was sailing with no lotion
At the middle around the ocean
I was reading the love in his purple emotion
There a heavy storm arose
Thought I could pamper him all night with my love and a rose
His holy kisses and godly lips had me more fascinated
But his captainship, love and life was assassinated
Death a mighty assassin and my heart sailor’s enemy
Never withheld his power seeing my love and my heart army
The blue wings of the sailor of my love
Is no more beautiful to any given dove
The handsome body that is sweeter than honey-comb
Is now ugly and confined in a bitter-tomb
Not only death got you blind-folded in his ran
But also took and attracted the loving charm of a man
The saint of my love
Wish the angels could cry into the Lord’s ears in Paradise above
So that this love found around this ocean
Would forever remain in the spell of this my love potion
EYE RHYME
This refers to words that the spellings look alike but have different sounds. It is also called SIGHT RHYME or VISUAL RHYME. Example is Andrew Marvel writing
Thy beauty shall no more found
Nor in thy marble vault shall sound
My echoing love song. Then worm shall try
That long- preserved virginity.
Also Thomas Moore’s poem THE LAST ROSE OF SUMMER, eye rhyme appeared in the second and fourth line of the poem.
‘Tis the last rose of summer,
Left blooming alone;
All her lovely companions
Are faded and gone;
FEMININE RHYME
This is a type of rhyme that occurs in a final unstressed syllable. Sometimes this type of rhyme is called double rhyme. Example is William Shakespeare’s SONNET 20 “A Woman’s Face with Nature’s Own Hand”
A woman’s face with Nature’s own hand painted
Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion;
A woman’s gentle heart, but not acquainted
With shifting change, as is false women’s fashion;
An eye more bright than theirs, less false in rolling,
Gilding the object whereupon it gazeth;
A man in hue, all ‘hues’ in his controlling,
Much steals men’s eyes and women’s souls amazeth.
And for a woman wert thou first created;
Till Nature, as she wrought thee, fell a-doting,
And by addition me of thee defeated,
By adding one thing to my purpose nothing.
But since she prick’d thee out for women’s pleasure,
Mine be thy love and thy love’s use their treasure.
THORN OF HER CROWN by the author
Her grief abounds from her slight vain pleasure
In moment she clothed in pride from her leisure
If she could see her pageant and crowning
She would arise from that idle frowning
The mistress beauty she holds is dying
And her pink lips is now a stilled flying
All that wig and lipstick from her fashion
Has now become dun in her heart passion
The beautiful eyes she owns still sleeping
While yesterday her joy was found creeping
Vanity, vanity! No more her staring
Fashion is no more in her heart caring
The wing of the mighty time is scrolling
Man’s fate is still under it and crawling.
IDENTICAL RHYME
The use of same words as a “rhymed” pair rather than words with same rhymed sound. For instance in Keats’s Isabella poem, stanza XI :
All close they met again, before the dusk
Had taken from the stars its pleasant veil,
All close they met all eyes, before the dusk
Had taken from the stars its pleasant veil,
Close in a bower of hyacinth and musk
Unknown of any free from whispering tale.
The dusk/dusk and veil/veil makes it identical rhyme, this rhyme technique is used to add emphasis to poetic passage.
Also William Butler Yeats’ poem “He Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven”
HAD I the heavens’ embroidered cloths,
Enwrought with golden and silver light,
The blue and the dim and the dark cloths
Of night and light and the half-light,
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
Tread softly because you tread on my dreams.
MASCULINE RHYME
A rhyme that end with a heavy stress on the final syllable in each rhyming word. An example is dime and time, tide and ride, support and report. Most writers often use masculine rhyme in their literary works.
RICH RHYME
This is a type of rhyme in which words are pronounced the same but with different meaning just like homonyms. Examples are present –present, break-brake, lessen-lesson, raise-raze, vary-very etc.
RHYME ROYAL
A seven-line stanzaic form invented by Chaucer in the fourteenth century and later modified by Spenser and other Renaissance poets. In rhyme royal, the stanzas are written in iambic pentameter in a fixed rhyme scheme (ABABBCC). An example follows below from Wordsworth’s “Resolution and Independence”:
There was roaring in the wind all night: …………. A
The rain came heavily and down in floods; ………. B
But now the sun is rising calm and bright. ………… A
The birds are singing in the distant woods: ………… B
Over his own sweet voice the stock dove broods; …. B
The jay makes answer as the magpie chatters; ………. C
And the air is filled with pleasant noise of waters. …… C
MONORHYME: A poem or section of a poem in which all the lines have the same end rhyme. The rhyming pattern would thus look like this: AAAA AAAA, AAA AAA, or AA AA AA AA, etc. It is a common rhyme scheme in Latin, Italian, Arabic, Welsh, and Slav poetry, especially in the Slav poetry of the oral-formulaic tradition. Because of the fact that English nouns are not declined and our adjectives do not have gender consistently indicated by particular endings, it is much harder to make effective poetic use of monorhyme in the English poetry. However, Shakespeare makes frequent use of it is a bit of doggerel in his plays. For instance, in The Merchant of Venice, we find the following section in monorhyme:
ARAGON: The fire seven times tried this
Seven times tried that judgment is
That did never choose amiss
Some there be that shadows kiss
There be fools alive iwis,
Silvered o’er, and so was this.
Take what wife you will to bed
I will ever be your head.
So be gone; you are sped. (2.9.62-71)
INEXACT RHYME: is a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds. In most instances, either the vowel segments are different while the consonants are identical or vice versa. It can also be defined as a rhyme in which the stressed syllables of ending consonants match, however the preceding vowel sounds do not match. This type of rhyme is also called HALF RHYME or SLANT RHYME, NEAR RHYME or LAZY RHYME, PARARHYME, APPROXIMATE RHYME, IMPERFECT RHYME or OFF RHYME, ANALYZED RHYME or SUSPENDED RHYME. Example William Butler Yeats
Heart-smitten with emotion I sink down
My heart recovering with covered eyes;
Wherever I had looked upon,
My permanent or impermanent images.
The consonant sounds of the above poem does match but the vowel sounds do not match.
RISING RHYME: Another term for masculine rhyme in which the final foot ends in a stressed syllable. See meter.
INTERLACED RHYME
In long couplets, especially hexameter lines, sufficient room in the line allows a poet to use rhymes in the middle of the line as well as at the end of each line. It is also called CROSSED RHYME. Example is Swinburne’s “Hymn to Proserpine”.
Thou has conquered, O Pale Galilean; the world
has grown grey from thy breath
We have drunken of things Lethean, and fed on
the fullness of death
Laurel is green for a season, and love is sweet for a day
But love grows bitter with treason, and Laurel out lives not May.
INTERNAL RHYME
A poetic device which a word in the middle of a line rhymes with a word at the end of the same metrical line. Example appeared in the first and third lines in Shelley’s poem “The Cloud”
I silently laugh at my own cenotaph
And out of the caverns of rain,
Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb,
I arise and unbuild it again.
And also an extract from Edgar Allan Poe’s “Annabel Lee”
For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams
Of beautiful Annabel Lee,
And the stars never rise but I see the bright eyes
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee
OCCASIONAL RHYME
This is the type of rhyme that happens in a line of poetry incidentally without the knowledge of the poet. It happens randomly. This type of rhyme is also called INCIDENTAL RHYME or RANDOM RHYME
The dew will fall on many royal bones
If the flesh could forever survive the set of the moon,
The time will not remain a flying
Who now has the strength to still the time?
May be the past will forever remain the present.
The clock is a cloud running,
The smiling rosebuds will soon be dying
Time is only a gift of sorrow!
Who could say time is his loyal friend?
Then he will be spared of the agonies time present.
SCARCE RHYME
This refers to words that are difficult or has few other words to rhyme with them. Examples are lips-whisp, oceanless-motionless, wrink – shrink.
SEMIRRHYME
In this type of rhyme one word has an extra syllable. Example mend and ending, rye and buying, lick and pickle, thick and tickle etc.
TAIL RHYME
A unit of verse in which a short line, followed by a longer line or section of longer lines, rhymes with preceding short line. Example is P.B. Shelley’s “To Night”
Swiftly walk o’er the western wave
Spirit of Night
Out of the misty eastern cave,
Where, all the long and lone daylight,
Thou wovest dreams of joy and fear,
Which make thee terrible and dear,—
Swift be thy flight!
TRIPLE RHYME
A rhyme involving three separate syllables to create the rhyme in each word is called a triple rhyme. For instance, grinding cares is a triple rhyme with winding stairs, fearfully is a triple rhyme with tearfully. Lord Byron used it in his satiric poem “Don Juan”. Triple rhyme is frequently employed for humorous effect in English literature.
WRENCHED RHYME
This is an imperfect rhyme that rhymes an unstressed syllable with a stressed syllable. Example baring and wing. Toiled and led, lady and bee and so on.
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